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What is Vaginal Odor? Causes of Unpleasant Smell and How to Reduce it!
2025-03-18
What is the Normal Smell of the Intimate Area? How to Identify Unusual Odors? Quick Self-Check Table Unpleasant Vaginal Odor? 4 Common Causes You Should Know Strong Vaginal Odor? 8 Ways to Reduce It Frequently Asked Questions About Vaginal Odor
Author / Sharon, Gynecologist
What is the Normal Smell of the Intimate Area?
The scent of the intimate area comes from a mix of apocrine gland secretions, vaginal discharge, urine, and anal odors, along with the natural microorganisms (such as probiotics and bacteria) present in the region. Generally, a normal scent falls into one of these three categories:
Odorless or Slightly Sweet
Healthy vaginal discharge is usually odorless or may have a mild, naturally sweet scent depending on individual body chemistry.
Mild Yogurt-Like Sourness
When vaginal discharge is broken down by lactic acid bacteria, it produces lactic acid, maintaining a mildly acidic vaginal environment (pH 3.5-4.5) that prevents harmful bacteria growth. This may result in a faint fermented yogurt-like smell.
Body Odor (Similar to Armpit Odor)
Research suggests that body odor comes from apocrine gland secretions, which are present in the groin, vaginal, and anal regions. When these secretions interact with microorganisms, they may produce a body odor-like scent. Studies indicate that Western populations tend to have a higher rate of body odor due to genetic factors compared to Asian populations.
How to Identify Unusual Odors? Quick Self-Check Table
If you notice an unusual or stronger-than-normal odor, it may indicate an underlying issue. Different scents can point to different causes. The table below helps you quickly identify the type of odor, possible causes, and necessary actions.
Odor Type
Discharge Appearance
Discomfort
Possible Causes
Metallic/Bloody Smell
Brown or red
May or may not have lower abdominal or vaginal pain
Blood contains iron, which gives it a metallic scent. If you experience unexpected bleeding (outside of menstruation or minor injuries), seek medical attention.
Ammonia/Urinelike Smell
Pale yellow or yellow
No significant discomfort
Residual urine on underwear, holding urine for too long, or dehydration after intense exercise may cause a stronger urine smell. Chronic cases may indicate kidney-related issues—consult a doctor.
Fishy Smell
Gray or white
Itching, burning sensation when urinating, or no discomfort
A bacterial infection may cause an imbalance in vaginal flora, leading to the production of trimethylamine, which emits a fishy odor.
Rotten or Sour Smell
Yellow or greenish-yellow
Painful urination, vaginal itching, painful intercourse, or no symptoms
Trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection, alters vaginal flora and produces amine-based byproducts, causing a foul, rotten odor.
Yeasty/Musty Smell
Thick, white, clumpy (like cottage cheese)
Itching, burning, redness, or painful urination
Yeast infection (Candida overgrowth) changes vaginal discharge texture and produces a fermented, musty scent.
Chemical/Medicinal Smell
White or gray
No significant discomfort
Some medications can alter vaginal odor, and infections in the bladder or urinary tract may cause a chemical-like scent.
Rotten Smell
Thick, white, and creamy
Feeling damp and stuffy
Forgotten tampons or pads can decompose over time and emit a strong, rotten odor. If unexplained, seek medical attention immediately.
Unpleasant Vaginal Odor? 4 Common Causes You Should Know
Bacterial Imbalance
The most common reason for vaginal fishy odor is bacterial vaginosis (BV), which occurs when lactobacilli decrease and anaerobic bacteria multiply, disrupting the pH balance. This can cause grayish or white discharge, itching, or burning sensations.
Yeast Infection (Candida Overgrowth)
Candida is naturally present in the vagina, but factors like poor blood sugar control, hormonal changes, immune system weakness, or antibiotic use can cause it to overgrow. This leads to cottage cheese-like discharge, itching, swelling, and a musty odor.
Trichomoniasis (Sexually Transmitted Infection)
Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite transmitted through sexual contact. It causes foamy, yellow-green discharge with a foul odor, often accompanied by itching, burning, or pain. Some people, however, may have no symptoms.
STDs or Other Gynecological Conditions
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and other STDs can alter vaginal discharge, leading to unusual odors. Other gynecological conditions may also contribute to changes in vaginal scent.
Vaginal odor is often caused by oxidized proteins in sweat, residual urine, and bacteria. Small daily habits can help minimize odor:
1️⃣Wipe Properly After Using the Toilet
Always wipe front to back to prevent bacterial transfer from the anus. Use unscented wipes or intimate sprays for additional cleanliness when needed.
2️⃣Change Sanitary Products Regularly During Menstruation
Menstrual blood interacts with bacteria and air, creating a strong smell. Change pads or tampons every 2-4 hours to keep the area fresh.
3️⃣Wear Breathable, Comfortable Underwear
Tight, non-breathable fabrics trap moisture and increase odor. Change underwear daily, and consider sterile disposable underwear for travel or workouts.
4️⃣Shower and Change Clothes After Sweating
Sweat itself has little odor, but bacteria on clothing can cause it to become pungent. Shower and change clothes after sweating to reduce odor buildup.
5️⃣Urinate and Clean Up After Intercourse
If not using a condom, semen mixed with vaginal fluids can create a stronger odor. Urinate and clean the area after sex to prevent bacterial growth.
