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Women' s Talk

2025-03-18
What is Vaginal Odor? Causes of Unpleasant Smell and How to Reduce it!

What is the Normal Smell of the Intimate Area? How to Identify Unusual Odors? Quick Self-Check Table Unpleasant Vaginal Odor? 4 Common Causes You Should Know Strong Vaginal Odor? 8 Ways to Reduce It Frequently Asked Questions About Vaginal Odor  Author / Sharon, Gynecologist What is the Normal Smell of the Intimate Area?The scent of the intimate area comes from a mix of apocrine gland secretions, vaginal discharge, urine, and anal odors, along with the natural microorganisms (such as probiotics and bacteria) present in the region. Generally, a normal scent falls into one of these three categories: Odorless or Slightly SweetHealthy vaginal discharge is usually odorless or may have a mild, naturally sweet scent depending on individual body chemistry. Mild Yogurt-Like SournessWhen vaginal discharge is broken down by lactic acid bacteria, it produces lactic acid, maintaining a mildly acidic vaginal environment (pH 3.5-4.5) that prevents harmful bacteria growth. This may result in a faint fermented yogurt-like smell.  Body Odor (Similar to Armpit Odor)Research suggests that body odor comes from apocrine gland secretions, which are present in the groin, vaginal, and anal regions. When these secretions interact with microorganisms, they may produce a body odor-like scent. Studies indicate that Western populations tend to have a higher rate of body odor due to genetic factors compared to Asian populations. How to Identify Unusual Odors? Quick Self-Check TableIf you notice an unusual or stronger-than-normal odor, it may indicate an underlying issue. Different scents can point to different causes. The table below helps you quickly identify the type of odor, possible causes, and necessary actions.Odor TypeDischarge AppearanceDiscomfortPossible CausesMetallic/Bloody SmellBrown or redMay or may not have lower abdominal or vaginal painBlood contains iron, which gives it a metallic scent. If you experience unexpected bleeding (outside of menstruation or minor injuries), seek medical attention.Ammonia/Urinelike SmellPale yellow or yellowNo significant discomfortResidual urine on underwear, holding urine for too long, or dehydration after intense exercise may cause a stronger urine smell. Chronic cases may indicate kidney-related issues—consult a doctor.Fishy SmellGray or whiteItching, burning sensation when urinating, or no discomfortA bacterial infection may cause an imbalance in vaginal flora, leading to the production of trimethylamine, which emits a fishy odor.Rotten or Sour SmellYellow or greenish-yellowPainful urination, vaginal itching, painful intercourse, or no symptomsTrichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection, alters vaginal flora and produces amine-based byproducts, causing a foul, rotten odor.Yeasty/Musty SmellThick, white, clumpy (like cottage cheese)Itching, burning, redness, or painful urinationYeast infection (Candida overgrowth) changes vaginal discharge texture and produces a fermented, musty scent.Chemical/Medicinal SmellWhite or grayNo significant discomfortSome medications can alter vaginal odor, and infections in the bladder or urinary tract may cause a chemical-like scent.Rotten SmellThick, white, and creamyFeeling damp and stuffyForgotten tampons or pads can decompose over time and emit a strong, rotten odor. If unexplained, seek medical attention immediately.  Unpleasant Vaginal Odor? 4 Common Causes You Should Know Bacterial ImbalanceThe most common reason for vaginal fishy odor is bacterial vaginosis (BV), which occurs when lactobacilli decrease and anaerobic bacteria multiply, disrupting the pH balance. This can cause grayish or white discharge, itching, or burning sensations.Yeast Infection (Candida Overgrowth)Candida is naturally present in the vagina, but factors like poor blood sugar control, hormonal changes, immune system weakness, or antibiotic use can cause it to overgrow. This leads to cottage cheese-like discharge, itching, swelling, and a musty odor.Trichomoniasis (Sexually Transmitted Infection)Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite transmitted through sexual contact. It causes foamy, yellow-green discharge with a foul odor, often accompanied by itching, burning, or pain. Some people, however, may have no symptoms.STDs or Other Gynecological ConditionsChlamydia, gonorrhea, and other STDs can alter vaginal discharge, leading to unusual odors. Other gynecological conditions may also contribute to changes in vaginal scent. Strong Vaginal Odor? 8 Ways to Reduce It💡 Reduce External Triggers: Maintain Proper HygieneVaginal odor is often caused by oxidized proteins in sweat, residual urine, and bacteria. Small daily habits can help minimize odor: 1️⃣ Wipe Properly After Using the ToiletAlways wipe front to back to prevent bacterial transfer from the anus. Use unscented wipes or intimate sprays for additional cleanliness when needed. 2️⃣ Change Sanitary Products Regularly During MenstruationMenstrual blood interacts with bacteria and air, creating a strong smell. Change pads or tampons every 2-4 hours to keep the area fresh. 3️⃣ Wear Breathable, Comfortable UnderwearTight, non-breathable fabrics trap moisture and increase odor. Change underwear daily, and consider sterile disposable underwear for travel or workouts. 4️⃣ Shower and Change Clothes After SweatingSweat itself has little odor, but bacteria on clothing can cause it to become pungent. Shower and change clothes after sweating to reduce odor buildup. 5️⃣ Urinate and Clean Up After IntercourseIf not using a condom, semen mixed with vaginal fluids can create a stronger odor. Urinate and clean the area after sex to prevent bacterial growth. 💡 Improve Internal Health: Adopt Healthy Lifestyle Habits 6️⃣ Drink More Water for Better MetabolismWater makes up 60-70% of the body. Staying hydrated flushes toxins, reducing urine concentration and body odor. 7️⃣ Exercise Regularly to Boost CirculationSweating removes toxins, but some worry about post-workout odor. Simply shower after exercise to prevent bacteria buildup. 8️⃣ Eat a Balanced Diet & Avoid Excessive Sugar & Fat"You are what you eat." High-fat, high-sugar diets increase body and vaginal odor by disrupting good bacteria.Consume probiotics and PAC-rich cranberries to maintain a balanced vaginal microbiome and pH.  Frequently Asked Questions About Vaginal Odor Q: Can Others Smell My Vaginal Odor?Yes, close contacts are more likely to notice than yourself because the nose adapts to familiar smells. Q: Will Fishy Vaginal Odor Go Away on Its Own?No. Odors caused by bacterial or yeast infections will not resolve without treatment. Seek medical attention. Q: What Foods Can Help Reduce Vaginal Odor?Drink more water, eat low-sugar, light meals, and take probiotics to improve vaginal health.By following these hygiene and lifestyle adjustments, you can maintain a healthy, fresh intimate area and prevent unpleasant odors!   ReferenceBrand JM, Galask RP. Trimethylamine: the substance mainly responsible for the fishy odor often associated with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Nov;68(5):682-5. PMID: 3763085. James AG, Austin CJ, Cox DS, Taylor D, Calvert R. Microbiological and biochemical origins of human axillary odour. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2013 Mar;83(3):527-40. Hara T, Kyuka A, Shimizu H. Butane-2,3-dione: the key contributor to axillary and foot odor associated with an acidic note. Chem Biodivers. 2015 Feb;12(2):248-58.Nelson TM, Borgogna JL, Brotman RM, Ravel J, Walk ST, Yeoman CJ. Vaginal biogenic amines: biomarkers of bacterial vaginosis or precursors to vaginal dysbiosis? Front Physiol. 2015 Sep 29;6:253.Sanderson BE, White E, Baldson MJ. Amine content of vaginal fluid from patients with trichomoniasis and gardnerella associated non-specific vaginitis. Br J Vener Dis. 1983 Oct;59(5):302-5.How to Get Rid of Vaginal Odor

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2025-02-21
Hair Removal Recommended) 6 At-Home Depilation Methods Comparison

Table of ContentsUnderstanding Hair Growth Before Hair Removal Types of Hair Removal & How They Work 6 Recommended At-Home Hair Removal Methods Comparison Chart: Pros & Cons of Hair Removal Methods Hair Removal Care: From Preparation to Aftercare Tips & Precautions for Intimate Area Hair Removal  Want Smooth Skin at Home but Don’t Know Where to Start?  With so many hair removal methods available, how do you find the best one for you? Everyone has body hair, but its distribution and thickness vary depending on gender, genetics, and ethnicity. Beyond hair and beards, modern grooming extends to other areas of the body. Whether for hygiene, religious practices in ancient times, or today’s beauty and fashion trends, hair removal has always been a significant concern. With so many choices on the market, let’s explore the best at-home hair removal options for you! Understanding Hair Growth Before Hair RemovalHair growth cycles vary across different body areas, typically lasting between 2 to 8 weeks. Hair consists of two main parts: the hair root and the hair shaft. The root contains stem cells responsible for generating new hair, pushing older strands outward. The shaft is the visible portion of hair extending beyond the skin’s surface. Types of Hair Removal & How They WorkComplete Hair RemovalThis method removes both the hair root and shaft, offering longer-lasting results (4-8 weeks). Common techniques include plucking, laser hair removal, and wax strips. These methods pull out hair from the root, resulting in longer regrowth cycles but often causing varying levels of pain. Plucking: Uses tweezers or epilators to pull out hair from the root, with pain levels differing based on the method and area treated. Laser Hair Removal: Targets melanin in the hair follicle with heat energy to destroy the root. As an invasive procedure, it carries risks of burns and must be performed by a professional.Partial Hair RemovalThis approach only removes the hair shaft, leaving the root intact. Methods include shaving and depilatory creams, offering short-term results with less pain but requiring frequent maintenance. Shaving: Cuts hair at the skin's surface with a razor, often resulting in blunt ends that make hair appear thicker. Frequent shaving is needed. Depilatory Creams: Use chemical ingredients to weaken the bond between the root and shaft, similar to how hair perming solutions work. After application, the hair easily breaks away when wiped or rinsed. Proper aftercare is essential to prevent irritation from the chemicals.By understanding these methods, you can choose the best at-home hair removal solution for your needs! 6 Common At-Home Hair Removal MethodsHair Removal Method 1: SugaringSugaring is one of the oldest hair removal methods, with historical records dating back to ancient Egypt. It involves heating sugar and water to create a thick syrup, which is applied to a cloth and placed over the hair. Once it cools, the hair is removed from the root. This natural formula is suitable for various body parts, including sensitive areas, and typically lasts around 4-5 weeks.The warm sugar paste adheres to the hair, reducing pain during removal and providing a soothing spa-like experience. Since it is water-soluble, it can be easily cleaned with water or a damp towel. Afterward, applying a soothing product or using an ice-cold towel helps tighten pores and leave the skin smooth and firm.💡 Tips: Temperature is key to the stickiness of the sugar paste. Apply while warm, then remove once it cools and solidifies. If the room temperature is high, perform the procedure in an air-conditioned space or use an ice pack or chilled towel to aid cooling. Using sugaring products with a roller applicator can help ensure even application.☝️ Caution: Be mindful of the sugar paste’s temperature to avoid burns. It should be similar to a warm bath temperature. Hair Removal Method 2: Waxing StripsWaxing strips work similarly to sugaring but use a resin-based wax pre-applied to a strip. Before use, rub the strip between your hands to warm it up, simplifying the heating process of traditional sugaring. Apply the warmed strip to the hair, then quickly pull it off in the opposite direction of hair growth to remove hair effortlessly.To clean up, use an oil-based cleanser such as makeup remover or baby oil to remove any leftover wax residue.💡 Tips: For best results, pull the strip parallel to the skin and in the opposite direction of hair growth (180° angle) in one quick motion.☝️ Caution: Avoid leaving the strip on for too long, as the adhesive will become stickier over time, which may cause skin irritation. Apply and remove promptly to minimize discomfort. Hair Removal Method 3: Wax BeadsSimilar to sugaring but with a stronger adhesive effect, wax beads offer better results. The beads are heated into a thick wax, applied to the skin with a spatula, and allowed to cool and harden before being peeled off, pulling hair from the root. The remaining wax can be peeled off for easy cleanup.For convenience, consider microwave-friendly wax beads for easier heating.💡 Tips: Large areas of hardened wax can be difficult to remove. Beginners should start with small sections (around the size of a coin) before attempting larger applications.☝️ Caution: Perform a patch test on a small area first and ensure the wax is at a safe temperature to avoid burns. Hair Removal Method 4: EpilatorAn epilator is a classic and simple hair removal tool, ideal for small areas and uneven hair growth, such as eyebrows and upper lip hair. Before use, apply a warm compress to open pores and reduce discomfort. Then, use tweezers or an electric epilator to pluck the hair from the root.Since this method directly removes hair from the root, it can be quite painful, and redness is common after use. Always apply a soothing product or cold towel to reduce irritation.💡 Tips: Ensure the tweezers grip the hair at the root for an easier and less painful removal process.☝️ Caution: Be careful not to pinch the skin while plucking! Hair Removal Method 5: RazorThe most common and widely used hair removal method, razors work by shaving hair in the direction of growth. Since this method only removes surface hair, it does not target the root, leading to visible stubble and dark spots. Hair may appear thicker after regrowth.Shaving is a temporary solution, lasting only a few days, but it is suitable for quick and easy hair removal on all body parts.💡 Tips: Before shaving, use a warm, damp towel to soften the hair for a smoother shave.☝️ Caution: Be careful not to cut yourself while shaving! Hair Removal Method 6: Depilatory CreamDepilatory creams dissolve hair with chemical ingredients, similar to how perm solutions break down hair bonds. Simply apply the cream to the desired area, leave it on for 10-15 minutes, then wipe or rinse it off. This method is painless and convenient, making it ideal for those with low pain tolerance.💡 Tips: If using on sensitive areas such as the bikini line or face, always perform a patch test first. Avoid contact with the lips, eye area, nostrils, and sensitive intimate zones (I & O areas).☝️ Caution: The chemical ingredients can be harsh on the skin, so it is not recommended for sensitive skin types. Comparison Chart: 6 At-Home Hair Removal MethodsHair Removal MethodTypeEase of UsePain LevelDurationSuitable AreasSugaringFull Removal★★★★★4+ weeksSuitable for all body areas, including intimate areas.Waxing StripsFull Removal★★★★★★4+ weeksSuitable for all body areas; for intimate areas, consider ease of wax residue removal.Wax BeadsFull Removal★★★★★★4+ weeksSuitable for all body areas, including intimate areas.EpilatorFull Removal★★★★★★★4+ weeksSuitable for all body areas, including intimate areas.RazorPartial Removal★None1-2 weeksSuitable for all body areas, including intimate areas.Depilatory CreamPartial Removal★★None1-2 weeksBest for large areas such as arms, legs, back, and chest. Not recommended for sensitive skin; be cautious when using on the face and intimate areas. Hair Removal Care: From Preparation to AftercarePre-Hair Removal – Preparing for a Smoother Process  All hair removal methods cause some level of irritation. Proper pre-care can help make the process smoother and minimize discomfort.☑️ Sun Protection Avoid direct sun exposure 3-5 days before hair removal. Use high-SPF sunscreen to prevent sunburn and skin sensitivity.☑️ Avoid Irritants Discontinue the use of acid-based skincare products (such as retinoic acid, glycolic acid, and vitamin C) one week before hair removal. Avoid treatments like chemical peels, whitening treatments, exfoliation, tattoos, and laser procedures that could make the skin more sensitive.☑️ Prevent Allergic Reactions Avoid allergens and photosensitive foods (e.g., shellfish, mangoes, pineapples, strawberries, kiwis, citrus fruits, lettuce, amaranth, shepherd’s purse, celery, spinach, and cilantro). If an allergic reaction occurs, wait for the skin to recover before proceeding with hair removal.☑️ Clean & Disinfect For reusable hair removal tools such as razors, tweezers, and waxing sticks, clean and disinfect them with alcohol wipes before use to prevent infections. Post-Hair Removal – The 3-Step Aftercare Routine  Many wonder, “When can I apply skincare after hair removal?” or “Can I use whitening products after hair removal?” Each stage of aftercare has different requirements:1️⃣ STEP 1: Soothe the Skin 📅 Timeframe: First 3-5 days after hair removalAll hair removal methods can cause temporary irritation or redness. Immediately after hair removal, apply a cold towel or ice pack for 30 minutes to an hour to soothe the skin. Follow up with soothing skincare products.Avoid sun exposure, hot showers, friction, and products containing acids or alcohol.Wear loose, breathable clothing to allow the skin to recover, especially after chemical hair removal.💡 Recommended Product: VIGILL Soothing & Hydrating Oil2️⃣ STEP 2: Exfoliate 📅 Timeframe: 3-5 days after hair removalIf using a razor, you can exfoliate the next day.If using waxing, epilation, or depilatory creams, wait 3-5 days for the skin to stabilize before exfoliating.Start with gentle exfoliation, then maintain a weekly exfoliation routine to prevent ingrown hairs.3️⃣ STEP 3: Brightening Treatment 📅 Timeframe: 1 week after hair removalWait until the skin has fully healed before using whitening products (approximately one week after hair removal).Follow product usage instructions to avoid irritation.Always patch test first before applying the product to larger areas.💡 Recommended Product: VIGILL Intimate Brightening Gel  Tips & Precautions for Intimate Area Hair RemovalIntimate hair removal has become increasingly popular in Taiwan. If you’re planning to do it yourself at home, here are 4 essential tips and 4 key precautions to keep in mind!4 Essential Tips for Intimate Hair Removal  1️⃣ Clean & Prep the AreaWash the intimate area thoroughly before hair removal.Remove any discharge or residue and ensure the area is completely dry.If the hair is too long, trim it to 1-2 cm for better visibility and easier removal.2️⃣ Protect Sensitive AreasThe intimate area is more delicate than other body parts, especially near mucous membranes.When using depilatory creams, apply a protective gel to prevent irritation.3️⃣ Remove Hair in Small SectionsAlways perform a patch test before full application.Start from the outer edges and move inward gradually (Y-area → I-area → O-area).This method helps assess skin sensitivity and makes the process easier to control.4️⃣ Don’t Skip AftercareThe intimate area is delicate, so post-removal care is crucial.Apply soothing products immediately after hair removal and continue for 3-5 days.Exfoliate regularly once the skin has healed to prevent ingrown hairs and discomfort. 4 Key Precautions for Intimate Hair Removal  ❌ Avoid Hair Removal During Your Period Hormonal changes increase skin sensitivity and menstrual blood can make the process messy.❌ Ensure Pregnancy Stability Before Hair RemovalPregnant women often opt for hair removal for hygiene before delivery.Wait until the pregnancy is stable before proceeding.Consult a doctor before using chemical hair removal methods.Opt for sugaring, waxing, or shaving instead.❌ Do Not Remove Hair If You Have Skin Conditions or WoundsAvoid hair removal if you have diabetes, skin conditions, or open wounds.If necessary, consult a doctor first.❌ Skip Hair Removal During Sensitive PeriodsAfter hot baths, sunbathing, or spa treatments, the skin is more sensitive.Wait until the skin stabilizes before removing hair. Frequently Asked QuestionsWill hair grow back thicker after removal?No! Hair thickness is determined by the size of the hair follicle. In fact, methods like sugaring, waxing, and epilation can shrink hair follicles over time, making hair grow back finer and lighter.Does waxing hurt?Yes, waxing methods (including sugaring, wax strips, wax beads, and epilators) involve pulling hair from the root, which can be painful. However, heated wax helps open pores, making the process less painful.How can I avoid blackheads after hair removal?Blackheads occurs when hair breaks instead of being fully removed. To avoid this: ✅ Choose a root-removal method (e.g., sugaring, waxing, or epilation). ✅ Use proper technique to ensure hair is removed completely.  

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2025-02-08
Gynecologists Share Effective Remedies for Miss V Relief and Prevention!

Index7 Common Causes of Intimate Area ItchingCommon Diseases That Cause Intimate Area ItchingWhat to Do for Intimate Area Itching? 5 Ways to Relieve ItchingWhat to Do If It Itches Down There at Night? 3 Quick Tips for Immediate ReliefHow to Prevent Intimate Area Itching? Start with Daily CareRecommended Feminine Hygiene and Care ProductsFrequently Asked Questions About Intimate Area Itching Author  / Sharon,  Gynecologist A study involving over a hundred participants found that, besides abnormal discharge, itching is a common and troublesome intimate health issue for many women. With the daily stress and busyness of life, experiencing unbearable itching in intimate areas can make it impossible to truly relax, even during leisure time.  Some may even worry that persistent itching signals a serious problem. However, discomfort is often just a way for the body to send signals. There are many possible causes of intimate area itching, and not all of them indicate severe health concerns. In fact, making small daily adjustments can often help alleviate the issue. Let’s hear from gynecologists on how to effectively manage this problem! 7 Common Causes of Intimate Area Itching  Cause #1: Physiological Changes Fluctuations in hormone levels can affect various bodily functions, particularly the intimate area. This explains why women may experience more sensitivity and discomfort during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Menstruation: During menstruation, estrogen levels drop. Since estrogen helps regulate skin moisture balance, lower levels can lead to dryness and itching. This discomfort is often caused by internal skin dryness rather than hygiene-related factors. Pregnancy: In contrast to menstruation, estrogen levels surge during pregnancy, leading to excessive secretion of sebum and other moisturizing factors. This can result in excessive oil production, skin sensitivity, and intense itching. Menopause: During menopause, estrogen production gradually declines, leading to reduced vaginal discharge, dryness, and mucosal atrophy. These changes often cause persistent itching, making it one of the most common complaints among menopausal women. Cause #2: External IrritantsChemical Irritants: Some individuals have sensitive skin that reacts to laundry detergents, bleach, underwear materials, fabric dyes, toilet paper, or chemicals in condoms, leading to allergic reactions, inflammation, abnormal discharge, and itching. Physical Irritation: Tight clothing, rough or uncomfortable fabrics, and repeated friction from sexual activity can cause localized skin sensitivity and itching. Removing the source of irritation usually helps alleviate discomfort within a short period. Cause #3: Skin Conditions & Infections Skin Disorders: Conditions such as eczema and psoriasis in the intimate area can cause severe itching. These conditions are often linked to an individual's skin type and may be triggered by external irritants. Infections: If itching is accompanied by abnormal discharge or an unusual odor, it may indicate a bacterial or fungal infection, such as vaginitis or an STI. In such cases, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Common Vaginal Infections That Cause Itching Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a grayish-white, thin, and non-sticky discharge with a fishy odor and mild external itching. Under normal conditions, the vagina contains healthy Lactobacillus bacteria that help maintain an acidic pH (3.5-4.5), preventing the overgrowth of harmful bacteria. However, factors like excessive vaginal douching, frequent sexual activity, smoking, stress, menstruation, and poor hygiene can disrupt this balance, leading to bacterial overgrowth and infection. The vaginal skin is more delicate than regular skin, making it vulnerable to irritation and infection from frequent douching. Additionally, wearing non-breathable tight clothing, excessive sweating, prolonged use of panty liners or sanitary pads, high stress, and irregular sleep patterns can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of vaginal infections. Other common vaginal infections include yeast infections (Candida vaginitis) and trichomoniasis. Yeast infections typically cause thick, white, clumpy discharge with intense itching, while trichomoniasis is associated with yellow-green, frothy, foul-smelling discharge and itching. Trichomoniasis can also cause pain during urination or intercourse.If you suspect a vaginal infection, seek medical assistance immediately. Treatment usually involves oral antibiotics and topical creams. Preventive measures and proper intimate care can also help reduce the risk of recurrence. How to Relieve Intimate Area Itching? 5 Effective Solutions 1. Maintain a Healthy Diet & Lifestyle Staying hydrated, maintaining a regular sleep schedule, exercising, and eating a balanced diet can improve circulation, reduce stress, and enhance immune function. Avoid excessive sugar intake and consider supplements like probiotics, cranberry extract, and vitamins C, D, and E to support vaginal health. 2. Avoid Irritants & Allergens Identifying substances that trigger allergic reactions can help reduce irritation. Common culprits include detergents, fabric materials, sanitary products, toilet paper, and condoms. If you notice discomfort from a particular product, limit exposure to it. 3. Wear Loose, Breathable Clothing Opt for soft, breathable cotton underwear and loose-fitting pants or skirts to minimize friction and irritation. Always wash underwear thoroughly to remove bacteria-harboring residues like discharge, urine, and menstrual blood. Using specialized intimate laundry detergents can help keep underwear hygienic. 4. Use pH-Balanced Intimate Cleansing & Care Products The intimate area is more delicate and sensitive than other skin areas, so using specially formulated cleansers can help maintain hygiene. If dryness and itching occur due to hormonal changes, hydrating vaginal gels with hyaluronic acid and a pH of 3.5-4.5 can help soothe discomfort. 5. Maintain Proper Hygiene & Seek Medical Help When Necessary In addition to daily hygiene practices, if you suspect a mild infection, consult a pharmacist about over-the-counter treatments containing povidone-iodine. These can help relieve itching, irritation, discharge, and odor caused by yeast, Candida, or trichomoniasis infections. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly. Quick Remedies for Nighttime Intimate Itching 1⃣️Use an antibacterial cooling spray for mild itching or a povidone-iodine spray for more severe cases.2⃣️Apply a cold compress using a damp, chilled towel or ice pack to the affected area.3⃣️Wear loose-fitting sleepwear and change into sterilized, disposable cotton underwear. How to Prevent Intimate Itching? Avoid vaginal douching, which disrupts the natural bacterial balance.Wear breathable cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing.Avoid prolonged use of panty liners, sanitary pads, or tampons.Use condoms during intercourse (preferably fragrance-free ones).Avoid intrauterine devices (IUDs) as they can alter vaginal flora and increase infection risk.Maintain a healthy lifestyle to boost immunity.Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacterial transfer.Quit smoking to reduce the risk of infections.Avoid artificially scented hygiene products that may cause irritation.Take probiotics to support vaginal health naturally. By making small lifestyle changes and adopting good intimate hygiene habits, you can effectively prevent and manage itching, ensuring optimal vaginal health.  Recommended Feminine Hygiene and Care Products VIGILL Feminine Wash Series is the choice to daily care, as the solution to prevent intimate irritation. Feminine Wash provides all-around care with Aloe Vera and tea tree oil. - Aloe Vera Essence: Moisturizes and soothes - Australian Tea Tree Oil: Prevents itching, removes odors  - Ph3.5 balance - Suitable for Daily Use  Reference 1. Bacterial Vaginosis – CDC Fact Sheet". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 March 2014. Madden T, Grentzer J, Secura G, Allsworth J, Peipert J. Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis in Users of the Intrauterine Device: A Longitudinal Study. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2012; 39(3):217. 2. FAO/WHO . Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization Report .2001 3. Reid G, Beuerman D, Heinemann C, Bruce AW. Probiotic Lactobacillus dose required to restore and maintain a normal vaginal flora. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 2001;32(1):37-41. 4. Heczko PB, Tomusiak A, Adamski P et al. Supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with oral probiotics for bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC women's health 2015;15(1):115. 5. Hongying T, Yunque F, Chunlin Y, Jianting M. Effects of metronidazole combined probiotics over metronidazole alone for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2017;295(6):1331–1339  

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2025-01-14
4 Major Causes of Darkened Intimate Areas

 Index 4 Major Causes of Darkened Intimate Areas What Can Be Done About Melanin Buildup in Intimate Areas? Does Intimate Whitening Work? Key Whitening Ingredients Unveiled Frequently Asked Questions About Intimate Whitening Intimate Whitening Product Recommendations Writer / Sharon, Gynecologist  4 Major Causes of Darkened Intimate AreasFacial and body skin often darkens due to sun exposure, but the skin in intimate areas and on the buttocks is different. Unlike other areas, it does not darken due to UV-induced melanin production. Instead, the darkening is caused by the following four factors: Cause 1: FrictionThe intimate area is located at a crucial joint intersection of the body, and daily movements create friction in this region. Some women prefer wearing tight-fitting pants, which increases pressure on the skin, leading to greater surface area and intensity of friction. Excessive friction causes the stratum corneum (outer skin layer) to thicken, resulting in rough and darkened skin. It may also stimulate melanin production in melanocytes. In delicate mucous membrane areas, excessive friction can even cause mild inflammation, which accelerates melanin accumulation. Therefore, darkened skin around the intimate area and buttocks is not surprising. Cause 2: Poor CirculationA lack of proper exercise or wearing overly tight clothing can hinder blood circulation in the intimate area. If microcirculation in the skin of the triangle region is poor, it will appear darkened and bluish, similar to the formation of dark circles under the eyes. Combined with the buildup of melanin in the epidermis and thickened, rough stratum corneum, the area becomes even darker, exacerbating the issue. Cause 3: Inflammation and RednessWomen with sensitive skin may experience long-term heat, contact dermatitis, or improper hygiene, leading to bacterial infections. Post-inflammatory melanin production can worsen darkening in the intimate area. Cause 4: Hormonal Changes, Genetics, and AgingThe initial color of the skin is determined by genetics. Those with naturally fair skin will have lighter, pink-toned mucous membranes in the intimate area. However, as one ages or undergoes hormonal changes, pigmentation in the skin and mucous membranes becomes more pronounced. Studies have shown that after menopause, the skin in the intimate area tends to become dry, atrophied, and darker.  What Can Be Done About Melanin Buildup in Intimate Areas? 6 Tips to Brighten Darkened Skin To address the issue of melanin buildup in intimate areas, it is important to tackle the root causes. From the points above, we know that friction and poor circulation are the primary culprits. Therefore, it is essential to address these issues at their source. Here are six whitening tips to help you regain smooth, fair skin: Tip 1: Reduce FrictionChoose undergarments that suit your skin type and opt for loose-fitting pants to give your skin enough space and minimize friction. Additionally, applying smoothening lotions or other skincare products to the area can reduce the intensity of friction and pressure on the skin. Tip 2: Improve CirculationDeveloping a habit of regular exercise is one of the best ways to enhance overall circulation and maintain bodily functions. It also benefits the appearance of your intimate area. Office workers, students, or those who sit for extended periods should remember to get up and move around regularly, giving their intimate and buttock areas a chance to stretch and relax. Tip 3: Maintain HygieneGood hygiene habits can help reduce the risk of inflammation. Change your underwear daily without fail! Even in winter or air-conditioned environments where you might feel like you haven’t sweated, some sweat is still being secreted—it’s just less noticeable. Additionally, underwear can retain secretions and urine residues, which can lead to bacterial growth. Using cleaning products designed specifically for intimate clothing can help you clean more thoroughly and reduce the risk of inflammation. Tip 4:  Eat More Fruits, Vegetables, Collagen and Healthy FatsFruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients beneficial to the skin, especially natural vitamins C and E, which help keep the skin fairer and healthier. Anthocyanins can aid in antioxidation, improve circulation, and help repair mucous membranes, giving the skin a softer and rosier appearance. Collagen supports tissue repair, making the skin in intimate areas plumper, more hydrated, and radiant. Consuming healthy fats, such as those found in nuts, avocados, and olive oil, can also contribute to a more glowing complexion. Tip 5: Proper Hair Removal TechniquesHair removal can make the skin appear lighter, but improper methods can irritate the skin. To maintain a fair appearance, it’s crucial to use proper hair removal techniques! All hair removal methods have varying degrees of irritation—wax strips and waxing can irritate hair follicles, while razors and hair removal creams can cause skin irritation. These can lead to discomfort, redness, and even pigment deposits in sensitive skin. Therefore, post-hair removal care should not be neglected, and soothing steps are essential. See Also : Stepwise Skincare after Depilation Tip 6: Exclusive Intimate Whitening Products UseEven if you follow all the previous tips, differences in body constitution and lifestyle habits can still result in melanin accumulation. In such cases, you can use whitening products specially designed for intimate areas, inner thighs, and buttocks to enhance results. However, note that many whitening ingredients, when used at effective concentrations, may cause irritation. Opt for less irritating products, such as those containing tranexamic acid, which are suitable for intimate areas. Tranexamic acid is gentle and ideal for the delicate reddish mucous membranes in intimate areas, while products containing niacinamide can help penetrate thickened keratin and inhibit pigmentation in areas like the inner thighs and buttocks, restoring brightness to darker zones.   Does Intimate Whitening Work? Key Whitening Ingredients Unveiled  Before whitening intimate areas, it’s important to identify the causes of darkened skin and choose the appropriate formula for the specific area. Below are some commonly used whitening ingredients in intimate care products:Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)Also known as Vitamin B3, nicotinamide, or niacinamide, this ingredient has dual functions for whitening and keratin metabolism. It’s particularly suitable for areas prone to keratin buildup caused by friction, such as the inner thighs, groin, and buttocks.Ideal Areas for Use: Inner thighs, groin, buttocks line, or areas that feel rough and dry to the touch.  Main Benefits:Inhibits Pigmentation Factors Niacinamide helps inhibit the production and transfer of pigmentation factors, maintaining the skin's natural tone and addressing uneven skin tone for a brighter appearance.Promotes Keratin Renewal It accelerates the metabolism of keratin, enabling old keratin to be replaced with new layers, improving skin texture and appearance.Soothes Discomfort For sensitive skin, niacinamide can reduce the skin’s “high-alert” state, soothing discomfort.Balances Skin Moisture By normalizing keratin regulation, niacinamide helps retain natural moisturizing factors, reducing water loss and keeping the skin hydrated and radiant.  Tranexamic Acid (TA or TXA)Also known as tranexamic acid, this is an amino acid derivative rather than an acidic substance. It is one of the milder whitening agents approved by Taiwan Health authorities and is widely used on mucous membranes, such as in nasal ointments, whitening mouthwash, and toothpaste.Ideal Areas for Use: Labia, perineum, anus, and other delicate intimate areas. These areas often suffer from poor circulation, irritation, and pigment deposits, making gentle and soothing ingredients most suitable.  Main Benefits:Inhibits Melanin Formation Tranexamic acid inhibits the activity of tyrosinase, the key enzyme in melanin synthesis, reducing melanin production.Disrupts Melanin Transfer It not only reduces melanin production but also prevents melanin transfer to the skin surface, minimizing visible darkening.Soothes Irritation Tranexamic acid alleviates occasional skin irritation, preventing pigment deposition caused by excessive stimulation and improving overall skin tone.   Frequently Asked Questions About Intimate Whitening Q: How long does it take to see results from intimate whitening?Using the right products consistently is key! Whitening is a long-term process that requires blocking pigmentation triggers while promoting the metabolism of darkened skin. The time required depends on individual constitution and the extent of pigmentation. Generally, a full skin renewal cycle takes 28 days, while keratin renewal is faster, taking about 14 days. Pigmentation caused by keratin buildup can show noticeable improvement in about 2 weeks, with results assessable after 1 month to determine if the product is suitable for your condition. Look for products verified through scientifically tested whitening experiments, such as those approved by IRB, for better reliability.Q: Can pregnant women use intimate whitening products?Not recommended. During pregnancy, hormonal changes are significant and often lead to skin darkening. Whitening efforts during this time are less effective. Instead, focus on improving lifestyle habits, such as wearing loose, breathable clothing, maintaining hygiene, exercising moderately, and eating a balanced diet. Concentrate on preparing for childbirth, and consider whitening efforts only after postpartum recovery, usually mid-to-late confinement period.Q: How can sensitive skin approach intimate whitening? What ingredients should be paired?Sensitive skin can use milder, more skin-friendly whitening agents like tranexamic acid. Formulas containing aloe vera, cucumber, or rose extract can help soothe irritation, improve hydration, and soften the skin. Remember to perform a patch test before use to ensure no adverse reactions. This precaution is essential for sensitive skin during any skincare routine.   Intimate Whitening Product RecommendationsVIGILL Intimate Whitening GelClinically tested under IRB-approved, with visible whitening results in 28 days, showing a 35% improvement in brightness. User satisfaction reaches 85%. Contains 2% niacinamide for dual functions in keratin regulation and whitening. Enriched with vitamins A, E, and botanical extracts to accelerate metabolism and soften the skin, leaving it brighter and smoother. Suitable for underarms, bikini line, inner thighs, knees, elbows, and more. Features a light, relaxing orange blossom scent.VIGILL Intimate Whitening SerumSpecially designed for mucous membranes in intimate areas. Contains 2% tranexamic acid and hyaluronic acid to brighten and hydrate delicate skin. Enriched with botanical extracts like aloe vera, mulberry root, and cucumber to soothe the skin, while hydrolyzed silk protein leaves it silky and smooth. Suitable for female nipples, areola, vulva, and even for male intimate skin.  More Women's Talk: Cranberry to Know : 3 Benefits & 3 Key Principles   ReferenceMobasher P, Foulad DP, Raffi J, Zachary C, Fackler N, Zohuri N, Juhasz M, Atanaskova Mesinkovska N. Catamenial Hyperpigmentation: A Review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2020 Jun;13(6):18-21. Epub 2020 Jun 1. PMID: 32884614; PMCID: PMC7442313 Lee, D.H., Oh, I.Y., Koo, K.T., Suk, J.M., Jung, S.W., Park, J.O., Kim, B.J. and Choi, Y.M. (2014), Reduction in facial hyperpigmentation after treatment with a combination of topical niacinamide and tranexamic acid: a randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled trial. Skin Res Technol, 20: 208-212.Matts PJ, Oblong JE, Bissett DL. A review of the range of effects of niacinamide in human skin. Intl Fed Soc Cosmet Chem Mag. 2002;5:285–289

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2024-12-25
What's the Vaginal Tightening Gel Effect? 4 Tightening Tips by Gynecologist

IndexHow to Determine if You’re Experiencing Looseness?Self-Tests for Vaginal Laxity Four Main Causes of Vaginal Laxity What to Do About Vaginal Laxity? 4 Effective Tightening Methods Does Vaginal Tightening Gel Really Work? Expert Insights How to Choose the Right Vaginal Tightening Gel? 3 Key Tips Proper Usage of Vaginal Tightening Gels for Best Results  FAQs on Vaginal Tightness Vaginal Tightening Gel Recommends : VIGILL Intimate Firming Jelly  Writer / Sharon ,  Famous Gynecologist in Taiwan Many women are concerned about their intimate areas not feeling tight enough. However, the concept of tightness involves more than meets the eye. Is what you perceive as "looseness" truly so? Let gynecology experts break it down for you.Before delving into the topic, it’s essential to understand the primary organ of the intimate area — the vagina. The vagina is a highly elastic muscular canal composed of mucous membrane, muscle layers, and an outer membrane. It is incredibly adaptable, capable of expanding to several times its usual size. A prime example is during childbirth when a baby passes through.Vaginal tightness primarily relies on the surrounding muscles and sphincters, which collectively maintain the structure and function of the vagina. Under normal circumstances, the sphincter muscles remain in a contracted state, keeping the area snug. When stimulated by nerves, these muscles relax to allow the insertion of tampons or sexual penetration and then return to their contracted state afterward.Thus, the tightness of the intimate area isn’t merely a structural issue but also involves muscle strength, nerve response, and overall health. By understanding your body’s unique characteristics, you can gain better insight into your intimate health and discover the most suitable care methods! How to Determine if You’re Experiencing Looseness? Self-Tests for Vaginal LaxitySelf-Evaluation Method 1: Sexual Experience – The Feeling of “Looseness” vs. Actual LoosenessThe sensation of vaginal tightness is not merely about the physical structure but results from the intricate coordination of various body systems. When the vaginal sphincter muscles are stimulated, they reflexively relax and then return to their contracted state. The speed of this process varies among individuals and is a key indicator of tightness. Additionally, the strength of the pelvic floor muscles surrounding the vaginal canal directly impacts the sensation of tightness.Many young or childless women often notice issues of “looseness” during sexual intercourse, either through their partner’s feedback or personal experience. However, this is a highly subjective assessment. Partnering to better coordinate the contraction and relaxation process can not only enhance the sensation of tightness but also improve harmony and satisfaction in the relationship. Self-Evaluation Method 2: Frequency of Urinary Leakage – A Sign of Weak Pelvic Floor MusclesA more objective self-assessment method involves observing physical reactions in daily life. For example, do you experience urinary leakage during sneezing, coughing, or exercising? Or perhaps frequent urination?  These are classic signs of weakened pelvic floor muscles. The pelvic floor muscles are crucial for supporting the organs and tissues within the pelvic cavity. If urinary leakage or frequent urination occurs, it indicates insufficient pelvic floor muscle strength, which is a clear sign of vaginal laxity. This condition is more common among women who are overweight, have undergone natural childbirth, lack physical activity, or are older. In such cases, proactive measures or professional treatment should be considered.   Four Main Causes of Vaginal LaxityVaginal laxity is tightly knitted to various factors including ages, living style, or physical condition. The following are the 4 main cause to vaginal laxity. 1. Aging and Hormonal ChangesAs women age, the pelvic floor muscles gradually weaken, reducing their ability to contract and relax effectively. This affects the normal functioning of the vagina and urethra. Additionally, factors like stress, poor sleep habits, or certain medications can decrease estrogen levels, leading to vaginal dryness, thinning mucosal structures, and collagen loss. These changes diminish plumpness, tightness, and sensitivity.2. Pregnancy and ChildbirthPregnancy and natural childbirth present significant challenges to pelvic floor muscles. During pregnancy, the baby’s weight exerts pressure on pelvic organs, causing strain on the pelvic floor muscles. Natural childbirth can further damage these muscles, as the passage of the baby through the vaginal canal may cause tears, temporarily impairing the muscles’ ability to contract and relax. Research shows that vaginal muscle strength is lower in women who have undergone natural childbirth compared to those who haven’t given birth or had a cesarean section. Maintaining an active lifestyle during pregnancy and after delivery can help strengthen pelvic floor muscles and speed up recovery.3. Obesity and Medical ConditionsObesity, diabetes, and abdominal or pelvic surgeries can lead to vaginal laxity. Excess fat in the pelvic area may compress the pelvic floor muscles, affecting their function. Meanwhile, diabetes or other medical conditions can reduce vaginal nerve sensitivity or muscle strength, impacting tightness and potentially lowering sexual satisfaction.4. Lack of Exercise and Poor Lifestyle HabitsThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) identifies risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction, including lack of exercise, smoking, constipation, prolonged sitting, and poor posture. These habits weaken the pelvic floor muscles, making it harder to control vaginal contractions. Smoking and stress can further impair blood flow and nerve responses, weakening muscle strength.  What to Do About Vaginal Laxity? 4 Effective Tightening Methods1. ExerciseMaintaining an active lifestyle is essential for women of all ages, regardless of childbirth history. Exercise benefits overall health and can significantly improve vaginal tightness.Kegel exercises are widely recommended in the medical field. By contracting the muscles around the anus, vagina, and urethra, Kegels strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, preventing uterine prolapse, vaginal laxity, and urinary incontinence. Perform 3–5 sets daily, with 10 repetitions per set, gradually increasing intensity. Incorporating tools and intimate tightening products can further enhance muscle training.In addition to Kegel exercises, core workouts like planks and bridge poses can also strengthen the pelvic floor muscles effectively.2. Intimate Care Products and DietFor dryness or reduced sensitivity, intimate care products and dietary changes can help. Choose pH-balanced products (pH 3.5–4.5) with moisturizing ingredients to alleviate dryness and enhance comfort. Oral collagen supplements can restore lost proteins, improving skin elasticity and vaginal hydration. Consuming plant-based estrogen foods, such as soy isoflavones and yam, can also alleviate menopause-related dryness.3. Quit Smoking and Adopt Healthy HabitsA healthy lifestyle can fundamentally improve vaginal tightness. Tightness is a combination of physical and psychological factors. Quitting smoking, maintaining good sleep habits, and adopting proper posture can promote normal nerve and muscle function, harmonizing the mind and body for optimal tightness.4. Seek Medical TreatmentFor severe cases of vaginal laxity that affect quality of life, consult a doctor for more aggressive treatments. Depending on the severity, options may include electromagnetic therapy, laser stimulation of pelvic floor muscles, or vaginal reconstruction surgery. Does Vaginal Tightening Gel Really Work? Expert InsightsIf you’re experiencing a lack of tightness due to reduced sensitivity during sexual activity, dryness, or a lack of elasticity, vaginal tightening gels specifically designed for intimate areas can help address your concerns.Vaginal tightening gel can hydrate intimate skin and, with their special formulations, prolong moisture retention, improve skin plumpness, and enhance elasticity. Properly moisturized and plump skin not only improves sensitivity to sexual stimulation but also encourages muscle contraction responses, thereby increasing the feeling of tightness. Additionally, using vaginal tightening gels can enhance the effectiveness of Kegel exercises, strengthening the pelvic floor muscles for improved results.  How to Choose the Right Vaginal Tightening Gel? 3 Key TipsWhen selecting a vaginal tightening gel, consider the following:1. pH-Balanced Formula for Intimate AreasUnlike the general skin pH range of 5~6, the intimate area requires a slightly acidic pH range of 3.5~4.5. Choosing the correct acidic formula ensures the balance of the vaginal microenvironment while providing tightening and moisturizing effects.2. Gentle IngredientsOpt for products with gentle formulations, free from fragrances, alcohol, and other irritating components. Avoid products containing parabens, MI/MCI, or other preservatives that could cause sensitivity or discomfort in the intimate area.3. Hydrating and Firming IngredientsA key feature of vaginal tightening products is their ability to maintain long-lasting hydration. Look for natural moisturizing ingredients like yam, aloe vera extract, trehalose, oat polysaccharides, or hyaluronic acid. These ingredients mimic natural vaginal secretions, maintaining skin moisture and elasticity.4. Soothing ComponentsThe sensation of tightness is influenced by the interaction of sexual stimulation response and muscle contraction. To enhance this sensation, it is important to keep intimate skin calm and balanced. Ingredients like chamomile and vitamin E can soothe and repair intimate skin, improving its response to stimulation and enhancing tightness effectively and comfortably. Proper Usage of Vaginal Tightening Gels for Best ResultsTo achieve optimal results with vaginal tightening gels, proper application and consistent muscle training are essential. Follow these steps for maximum effectiveness:1⃣️Clean Hands and Maintain HygieneBefore use, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and a gentle cleanser to prevent introducing bacteria to the intimate area.2⃣️Apply Correctly: Lightly Spread the GelGently apply the gel to the external genital area and vaginal opening, and massage slightly to enhance absorption.3⃣️Promote Absorption with Gentle MassageTake a small amount of gel and gently massage it into the intimate area using your fingertips until absorbed. Massaging helps improve blood circulation and enhances the gel’s effectiveness. During intercourse, apply a larger amount to the vaginal opening, and it can be used with condoms.4⃣️Combine with Kegel Exercises for Dual BenefitsWhen performing pelvic floor muscle exercises, use vaginal tightening gel along with Kegel exercise tools. This combination can further improve muscle contraction strength and provide a more noticeable tightening effect.5⃣️Consistency is KeyVaginal tightening is not achieved overnight. Regular and consistent use of the gel, combined with pelvic floor muscle training, is recommended to achieve and maintain the desired results. By following these steps and using the right product, you can improve vaginal elasticity and regain confidence in your intimate health. FAQs on Vaginal Tighness? Does frequent sexual activity cause looseness?No. The vaginal walls are surrounded by robust muscles that are highly elastic. The frequency of sexual activity does not affect elasticity; instead, muscle strength is the key. Does weight loss cause looseness?Normal weight loss does not cause looseness and can actually improve tightness by relieving pressure on the pelvic floor muscles. However, rapid weight loss due to extreme dieting can lead to collagen loss, weakening the pelvic muscles and causing laxity.   Vaginal Tightening Gel Recommends: Vigill Intimate Firming JellyFormulated exclusively for women, with multiple natural plant extracts as ingredient, the jelly is able to improve elasticity and hydration of intimate skin.  📍Main Ingredients and Efficacy Wild Yam Extract :Rich in plant-based rejuvenating ingredients, it effectively enhances the elasticity and hydration of intimate skin. Aloe Vera Extract and Low-Molecular Trehalose:Mimics the natural lubrication of intimate areas, providing a silky and luxurious feel while keeping the skin hydrated and plump.Oat Low-Molecular Polysaccharides and Citrus Extract:Helps tighten the skin and delivers better results when combined with Kegel exercises. German Chamomile Water-Based Extract and Vitamin E Derivatives:Offers repair and soothing properties, reducing discomfort and maintaining intimate area health.    📍Product Highlights pH3.5~4.5 Acidic FormulationMatches the natural pH balance of the intimate area, maintaining the microbial ecosystem and avoiding disruption. Gentle and Non-IrritatingFree from fragrances, arginine, and parabens, making it safe for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers.   Reference Bilgic, D., Gokyildiz, S., Kizilkaya Beji, N., Yalcin, O., & Gungor Ugurlucan, F. (2018). Quality of life and sexual functıon in obese women with pelvic floor dysfunction. Women & Health, 59(1), 101–113. Afshari, P., Dabagh, F., Iravani, M. et al. Comparison of pelvic floor muscle strength in nulliparous women and those with normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Int Urogynecol J 28, 1171–1175 (2017).Okeahialam N A, Dworzynski K, Jacklin P, McClurg D. Prevention and non-surgical management of pelvic floor dysfunction: summary of NICE guidance BMJ 2022; 376 :n3049 doi:10.1136/bmj.n3049Barbara, G., Facchin, F., Buggio, L., Alberico, D., Frattaruolo, M. P., & Kustermann, A. (2017). Barbagallo, F., Mongioì, L. M., Cannarella, R., La Vignera, S., Condorelli, R. A., & Calogero, A. E. (2020). Sexual Dysfunction in Diabetic Women: An Update on Current Knowledge. Diabetology, 1(1), 11-21.Clark, G. L., Pokutta-Paskaleva, A. P., Lawrence, D. J., Lindsey, S. H., Desrosiers, L., Knoepp, L. R., … Miller, K. S. (2019). Smooth muscle regional contribution to vaginal wall function. Interface Focus, 9(4).Aulia I, Valeria M. Current Perspectives in Vaginal Laxity Measurement: A Scoping Review. Arch Plast Surg. 2023 Aug 31;50(5):452-462. doi: 10.1055/a-2113-3202. PMID: 37808327; PMCID: PMC10556325.長庚婦產通訊--第20期 老年女性的骨盆底層變化 金宏諺/王誠 

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2024-11-26
Cranberry to Know: 3 Benefits and 3 Key Principles

     What is Cranberry? What Are Its Nutritional Components?3 Benefits of Cranberries: The advantages of consuming cranberries.Cranberry Capsules, Lozenges, or Powder: Which is better? Pros and cons at a glance.What Should Not Be Consumed With Cranberries?: 4 important tips for taking cranberries.7 Groups Who Benefit Most From Cranberry Supplements.How to Choose Cranberry Products: 3 key principles to follow.When Is the Best Time to Take Cranberries?: Recommended daily intake.Frequently Asked Questions About Cranberries    Written by Jessie Feng, Nutritionist What is Cranberry? What Are Its Nutritional Components?  Cranberries are small, red berries primarily grown in wetlands and marshes in North America. Known for their unique flavor and remarkable health benefits, cranberries are widely loved, particularly for their role in promoting intimate health.Rich in various nutrients, cranberries are often called the "Ruby Fruit" or the "Fruit of Health." They are enriched with vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, dietary fiber, and polyphenols. These components not only help maintain youthful beauty but also promote overall health. 3 Benefits of Cranberries: Advantages of Adding Cranberries to Your DietBenefit 1: Maintain Youthful BeautyCranberries are rich in polyphenols (such as flavonols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and tannins), vitamin C, and triterpenoids, which are essential for maintaining youth. Vitamin C, in particular, has antioxidant properties, promotes collagen synthesis, and helps maintain cell integrity, leaving skin more elastic and youthful. Benefit 2: Reduce Women’s DiscomfortCranberries are one of the few fruits rich in proanthocyanidins (PACs). These PACs create a protective barrier that prevents external substances from adhering to sensitive intimate areas, reducing common discomforts experienced by women. This property has made cranberries particularly famous for their role in addressing intimate health concerns.Research has shown that drinking cranberry juice can reduce women’s discomfort by about 40%, with its effectiveness dependent on the PAC content, particularly A-type proanthocyanidins.While other fruits may also contain PACs, cranberries are uniquely rich in this compound and are the most extensively researched. Beyond women’s health, cranberries also provide positive benefits for men and children. Benefit 3: Support a Balanced Immune SystemCranberries contain phytochemicals, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and flavonols that help regulate the body’s immune response and promote balance. Their high polyphenol content not only boosts the immune system but also reduces health risks.  Cranberry Capsules, Lozenges, or Powder: Which is Better?  Pros and Cons at a GlanceCranberry products come in various forms, each with its unique characteristics and ideal use cases. Choosing the right type depends on your needs. Below is a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of cranberry capsules, lozenges, and powders:Cranberry Capsules:Convenient and portable, with standardized PAC content, suitable for busy individuals.Cranberry Lozenges:Easy to consume, with a pleasant taste, often paired with additional nutrients.Cranberry Powder:More versatile for mixing into drinks or food, offering a more natural form but may require careful measurement for consistent intake.  Choose the type that best suits your lifestyle and health goals.     Different Forms of Cranberry Products: Pros and ConsCranberry products come in various forms, each with specific features and suitable applications. Choosing the right type depends on your needs. Here is a comparison of cranberry capsules, lozenges, and powder:FormAdvantagesDisadvantagesCranberry CapsulesNo taste issues; usually free of added sugars or sweeteners. Easy to store with simple ingredients and no fillers.Limited capacity per capsule due to size restrictions. Requires the ability to swallow capsules, which may not be suitable for everyone.Cranberry LozengesEnhanced taste with added sweetness for better palatability; easy to carry and consume without water.Often includes fillers to maintain tablet form and may contain sugar or sweeteners for taste, with limited capacity per tablet.Cranberry PowderVersatile for mixing with drinks, yogurt, etc. Larger doses are possible without size restrictions. Contains fewer fillers, preserving more nutrients.Exposed surface area makes it prone to moisture and spoilage. Untreated powder may taste tart, requiring added sugars or flavoring. Capsules: Suitable for those who dislike cranberry's tart flavor and prefer precise, convenient dosing. Lozenges: Ideal for people who prioritize convenience and taste. Powder: Best for integrating cranberry into daily diets, such as smoothies or meals.Regardless of the form, check the ingredients to avoid unnecessary additives.   Foods to Avoid with Cranberries: 4 Tips for Proper IntakeAvoid with Anticoagulant Medications Cranberries are rich in salicylic acid, which can affect the metabolism of certain drugs and prolong their retention in the body. Medications like warfarin and aspirin may increase the risk of bleeding. Consult a doctor if you are taking such medications.Limit Intake if You Have Sensitive Digestion While cranberry juice and extracts are generally safe, excessive consumption of this acidic fruit can cause mild stomach discomfort or diarrhea, especially in those with sensitive digestion.Avoid High Temperatures The nutrients in cranberries are sensitive to heat, which can reduce their efficacy. To maximize their health benefits, consume fresh cranberries or non-heated cranberry products instead of cooked or processed versions.Avoid Overconsumption if Allergic to Aspirin The salicylic acid in cranberries is similar to aspirin, so those allergic to aspirin should avoid consuming large quantities of cranberry products.  7 Groups Who Benefit from Cranberry SupplementsPeople Who Hold in Urine Frequently Frequent urine retention weakens urinary function and increases the risk of infections. Cranberries provide a protective barrier in the urinary system, benefiting both men and women.Women During Menstrual Periods Menstrual hygiene challenges and heat buildup can promote bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infection. Cranberries help enhance external protection and maintain intimate health. Individuals Under Stress Stress puts the body in a "high alert" state, weakening immunity and increasing susceptibility to infections. Cranberries offer added protection against health issues caused by stress. People Who Don't Drink Enough Water Dehydration leads to concentrated urine, which irritates the urinary tract and creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth. Cranberries can help improve urinary health.Intimacy Cranberries may help reduce the risk of infections post-intercourse, supporting both men’s and women’s health.Pregnant Women Hormonal changes and increased pressure on the urinary tract during pregnancy elevate infection risks. Cranberries provide additional protection, but consult a doctor before use to ensure safety.Those Taking Specific Medications Certain drugs, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors (e.g., dapagliflozin, empagliflozin), can increase urinary sugar levels, promoting bacterial growth. Cranberries may reduce this risk when taken with medical guidance.  How to Choose Cranberries? 3 Key PrinciplesAvoid Added Sugars Choose sugar-free cranberry products to avoid unnecessary sugar intake, especially if your body is in a sensitive state.Select Products Without Probiotic Blends Cranberries benefit digestive and urinary health, but mixing them with probiotics may reduce the probiotics’ activity. Separate supplementation ensures better efficacy.Check for A-Type Proanthocyanidins (PACs) Opt for cranberry products with at least 36 mg of A-Type PACs, the effective dose proven by research to provide health benefits.   When Is the Best Time to Take Cranberries? Recommended Daily IntakeDuring sleep, the body secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to reduce the urge to urinate at night. Leveraging this mechanism, consuming cranberry before bedtime can extend the retention time of proanthocyanidins (PACs) in the body, maximizing their effectiveness.If consuming cranberry juice, it is recommended to intake 120-750 mL daily, choosing varieties without added sugar to avoid excessive sugar consumption. For cranberry supplements, check if the product specifies the amount of A-Type Proanthocyanidins (PACs). A daily intake of 36 mg of PACs is suggested, as studies indicate this is the effective amount for achieving health benefits.   Frequently Asked Questions About CranberriesQ1: Why should women consume cranberries?Both men and women are encouraged to include cranberries in their diet to maintain overall health. However, due to women’s physiological structure, they are more prone to recurrent infections. Additionally, during menstruation, vaginal pH levels rise, reducing protection against infections. This makes it particularly important for women to strengthen their daily protection through diet. “Prevention is better than cure.” Regular cranberry supplementation can effectively help maintain intimate health rather than relying on cranberries only when issues arise.  Q2: Can cranberries be consumed daily?Yes, cranberries are safe for daily consumption. Their extracted components are essential nutrients that the body may lack, so regular supplementation is beneficial. However, prioritize fresh fruit, minimally processed, high-quality foods, or supplements. Avoid replacing them with highly processed products like sugary juices, jams, or desserts.  Q3: Who should avoid cranberries?Cranberries are generally safe for most people, but caution is needed for the following groups:Those undergoing anticoagulant therapyIndividuals with aspirin allergiesPeople with sensitive digestive systems Before consuming cranberries or related products, consult a doctor or healthcare professional to avoid potential drug interactions or allergic reactions.   Reference1. Boris V. Nemzer, Fadwa Al-Taher,  Alexander Yashin, Igor Revelsky and Yakov Yashin. Cranberry: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Impact on Human Health: Overview. Molecules. 2022 Mar; 27(5): 1503.2. WebMD.Vitamins & Supplements. Cranberry.  

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2023-09-15
胎儿的健康 从留意私密处分泌物做起 / Fetal Health Begins with Intimate Discharge Checking

 霉菌性阴道炎是相当常见的妇科疾病,特别是在气候炎热潮湿的台湾,大约75%的女性一生至少会遭受一次感染….林小姐在多年的西医治疗及中医调养下,好不容易怀孕了,每次产检都十分雀跃地看着超音波上宝宝的状况,眼神中充满了即将为人母的喜悦,但今天却神色慌张地进了诊间:「医生,我最近内裤上都会出现灰白色的分泌物,味道也很奇怪,我上网查了数据,好像是细菌性的阴道炎,而且网站上还说宝宝会夭折?!怎么办啊医生?」生命的孕育神奇且复杂,在这个过程中,为了打造出适合胎儿成长的的环境,妈妈们的身体经由荷尔蒙的调节,产生剧烈的变化。雌激素与黄体素的大量分泌稳定子宫内膜,协助受精卵着床成功,让胎儿顺利发育,同时也使得怀孕妈妈们的私密处分泌物量比以往更多、也较浓稠,但通常是无味且呈蛋白色的,这都是正常的,可是若分泌物产生鱼腥味、呈豆腐渣状,颜色变为灰白色或黄绿色时,就表示阴道正受到感染,必须尽早接受治疗,以保护胎儿的健康,其中以霉菌性及细菌性的感染为大宗。霉菌性阴道炎是相当常见的妇科疾病,特别是在气候炎热潮湿的台湾,大约75%的女性一生至少会遭受一次感染,2015年Current Infectious Disease Reports指出怀孕后的女性更容易受到念珠菌感染引发霉菌性阴道炎。女性的阴道防护力来自于乳酸菌将阴道上皮的『肝醣』分解成『乳酸』,藉由乳酸产生抑菌性来增加私密处的防护力,而阴道上皮的肝醣含量主要则和女性体内雌性激素的含量成正比,但女性怀孕之后,特别是到怀孕的中期,雌性激素的分泌量会下降,使阴道内上皮细胞的肝醣减少,导致阴道的健康更容易受到其他病原体的侵害,又怀孕中期黄体素的增加会减少免疫细胞的抗菌力,抑菌力不足免疫力又下降的情况,霉菌更容易大肆孳生,造成感染。虽然霉菌型的感染不太会影响到胎儿的健康,但仍有千分之三的机率可能会造成羊膜腔发炎,增加早产的机率,甚至威胁到早产儿的性命,所以当出现阴部感到搔痒、分泌物呈豆腐渣、奶酪状等症状,仍不能大意,必须积极治疗。  细菌性阴道炎是另一种常见的感染症状。阴道内本来就寄居了许多的菌丛,大多数为乳酸杆菌,能够维持阴道环境的弱酸性,抵抗坏菌增殖,只是酸碱平衡一旦被破坏,坏菌便会大举入侵,导致感染。虽然目前并没有证据指出怀孕会增加细菌性感染的机率,但据美国孕产协会(American Pregnancy Association)在2015年的统计,约10~30%的怀孕女性会感染细菌性阴道炎。为了让胚胎不被母体排斥,免疫功能会进行调整,使免疫力下降,再加上生理结构的改变,膨胀的子宫压迫到输尿管,让尿液排放不顺,滞留在输尿管中,促使泌尿道成为细菌孳生的温床,导致泌尿道感染,又女性的阴道及尿道相距不远,若卫生没有做好,很容易因为互相感染,使病情更加复杂。许多研究都指出细菌性阴道炎会增加早产的发生,2000年新英格兰医学期刊(NEJM)发表的文章中提到,孕妇若罹患细菌性阴道炎,也有机会使羊膜及绒毛膜受到感染,入侵后的细菌可能会分泌一些有毒物质,促使前列腺素的制造及释放,进而导致子宫收缩增加早产的机率。文章中也提及全球约有10%的新生儿为早产儿,在医疗进步下,虽然拯救了不少新生儿的生命,但仍有1~2%会死于并发症,特别是出生小于32周,体重小于1500克的新生儿,存活下来的早产儿也常面临学习障碍、听力障碍等终生残疾。怀孕的过程中因为免疫功能下降、荷尔蒙的波动以及生理结构的改变,都容易造成私密处感染问题,进而影响胎儿的健康,妇产科 张宇琪 医师建议,为了降低感染风险,就要从培养良好生活习惯做起维持稳定生活作息少熬夜,当有压力时也要适时放松舒缓少吃甜食、油炸等高热量食物,避免阴道的糖分上升,促使霉菌滋生衣着务必保持宽松通风,若因分泌物过多需要使用护垫,每2~3小时就该更换,避免不透气增加感染机率多喝水少憋尿,防止泌尿道感染使阴道健康受影响清洁要做好,可以选用私密处专用且酸碱值3.5左右贴近私密处的沐浴乳,避免破坏酸碱平衡,提升私密处天然保护力随时留意分泌物的状况,一有问题马上治疗孕育新生命是件令人兴奋且美好的事物,同时也相当脆弱,准妈妈们唯有细心呵护自己的健康,才能让即将诞生的宝宝头好壮壮,创造幸福美满的家庭。     Fungal Vaginitis(Yeast Infection) is a very common gynecological disease, especially in hot and humid climate.  The process of pregnancy is both miraculous and complex. During this time, the mother’s body undergoes dramatic changes regulated by hormones to create an environment suitable for the fetus’s growth. Large amounts of estrogen and progesterone are secreted to stabilize the endometrium, helping the fertilized egg successfully implant and allowing the fetus to develop properly. This also causes pregnant women to experience more and thicker vaginal discharge than usual, which is typically odorless and milky white. However, if the discharge starts to smell fishy, becomes curd-like, or turns grayish-white or yellow-green, it indicates a vaginal infection that needs immediate treatment to protect the fetus’s health, with fungal and bacterial infections being the most common.Fungal vaginitis is very common, especially in hot and humid climate. According to the 2015 Current Infectious Disease Reports, pregnant women are more susceptible to Candida infections, leading to fungal vaginitis.The protection of a woman’s vagina mainly comes from lactobacilli, which break down the glycogen in the vaginal epithelium into lactic acid, thereby enhancing the defense of the intimate area. The glycogen content in the vaginal epithelium is mainly proportional to the amount of estrogen in the body. However, after pregnancy, especially in the second trimester, the secretion of estrogen decreases, reducing the glycogen in the vaginal epithelial cells, making the vagina more susceptible to other pathogens. At the same time, the increase in progesterone during the second trimester reduces the antibacterial ability of immune cells. With insufficient antibacterial ability and lowered immunity, fungi can proliferate easily, leading to infection. Although fungal infections are unlikely to affect the fetus’s health, there is a small risk (three in a thousand) that it could cause inflammation of the amniotic cavity, increasing the chances of preterm birth and even threatening the life of a premature baby. Therefore, if symptoms such as itching in the genital area, curd-like, or cheesy discharge appear, it is important not to ignore them and to seek treatment actively.Bacterial vaginosis is another common infection. The vagina naturally harbors many bacteria, most of which are lactobacilli that maintain the slightly acidic environment of the vagina, preventing harmful bacteria from proliferating. However, once the acid-base balance is disrupted, harmful bacteria can invade, leading to infection. Although there is no evidence that pregnancy increases the risk of bacterial infections, the American Pregnancy Association reported in 2015 that about 10-30% of pregnant women develop bacterial vaginosis.To prevent the embryo from being rejected by the mother’s body, the immune system adjusts, lowering immunity. In addition, physiological changes, such as the expanding uterus compressing the ureters, make it difficult to expel urine, which can stagnate in the ureters, turning the urinary tract into a breeding ground for bacteria, leading to urinary tract infections. Because the vagina and urethra are close to each other, poor hygiene can easily cause cross-infection, making the situation more complicated.Many studies have pointed out that bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of preterm birth. An article published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) in 2000 mentioned that bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women could infect the amniotic and chorionic membranes. Bacteria that invade may secrete toxins, promoting the production and release of prostaglandins, which in turn causes uterine contractions, increasing the likelihood of preterm birth. The article also noted that about 10% of newborns worldwide are preterm. Although medical advances have saved many of these infants, 1-2% still die from complications, particularly those born before 32 weeks or weighing less than 1500 grams. Surviving preterm babies often face lifelong disabilities such as learning and hearing impairments.During pregnancy, the decline in immune function, hormonal fluctuations, and physiological changes make the intimate area more susceptible to infections, which can affect the fetus’s health. Gynecologist Dr. Zhang advises that to reduce the risk of infection, it is important to cultivate good lifestyle habits:  Maintain a stable routine, avoid staying up late, and relax when stressed.Avoid sweets, fried foods, and other high-calorie foods to prevent an increase in vaginal sugar levels, which promotes fungal growth.Wear loose and breathable clothing. If you need to use panty liners due to excessive discharge, change them every 2-3 hours to reduce the risk of infection from lack of ventilation.Drink plenty of water and avoid holding your urine to prevent urinary tract infections that could affect vaginal health.Practice good hygiene using intimate cleansers with a pH close to 3.5 to avoid disrupting the acid-base balance and to enhance the natural protection of the intimate area.Always monitor the condition of your discharge, and seek treatment immediately if problems arise.  Nurturing new life is an exciting and beautiful experience, but it is also very delicate. Only by carefully protecting your health can expectant mothers ensure that their babies are born healthy and strong, creating a happy and fulfilling family. 参考文献:T. J. Aguin ,  J. D. Sobel. Vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2015 Jun;17(6):462. doi: 10.1007/s11908-015-0462-0.Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, Andrews WW. Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 18;342(20):1500-7.美国孕产学会网站https://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-complications/bacterial-vaginosis-during-pregnancy/  

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2023-09-15
私密处清洗 你做对了吗? / Right Way to Intimate Area Wash

 不少女性不太清楚私密处要如何清洁,那些该洗?那些不用洗呢?根据客服部门粗略的统计,我们发现竟然有不少女性不太确定或不太清楚私密处清洁的部位! 仔细回想,中学的健康教育课好像真的少了生活应用的范畴啊? 总之,这个盲点就让我们来说明吧~ 要清洗的部位:  1.外阴部 阴阜就是有私密处毛发覆盖的地方,往下延伸阴部隙缝内的前方第一个开口是尿道口,后面较大的开口才是阴道口,阴道口外有大小阴唇等组织,隙缝内平时会沾染尿液和分泌物,要每日清洗。  2.肛门 后方股沟往下探的第一个开口是肛门,可能沾染少许粪便和分泌物,股沟也可能残留汗液。基本上私密处毛发覆盖及隙缝皱折的地方每日都要用专门的私密沐浴露温和洗净。不用清洗的部位:  1.尿道 尿道口深入进去即是尿道,尿液排出的地方,一般健康的情形下,尿液是接近无菌的液体,因此尿道不必清洗。2.阴道 阴道口往内探入是阴道,平时会有分泌物流出,即有自洁的功能,阴道在健康情形下不必清洗,即使是生理期间都只需要清洗外阴部,若有感染异常的情形,请经医师药师的指导下灌洗。  3.直肠 肛门深入进去即是直肠,在健康正常的情形下不必清洗,特殊情形必须咨询医师。图片引用https://youngwomenshealth.org/2017/04/19/vulvar-and-vaginal-care-and-cleaning/清洗时,请注意不要使用太热的水,以温水轻轻地由前往后,先冲洗外阴部区域再冲洗肛门股沟区域即可。     Most of the women are not so sure about how to properly clean their intimate area. Which parts should be washed and where should not?According to a rough estimate from the customer service department, we found that many women are unsure or unclear about which parts of the intimate area should be cleaned! Further thought, it seems that middle school health education really lacked practical life applications in this regard. So, let's clear up this confusion. Areas that should be cleaned:Vulva The mons pubis is the area covered with pubic hair, extending downward to the first opening in the genital slit, which is the urethral opening. The larger opening behind it is the vaginal opening, surrounded by the labia majora and minora. This area can accumulate urine and secretions, so it should be cleaned daily.  Anus The first opening you reach when moving downward from the groin is the anus, which may have traces of feces and secretions. Sweat may also accumulate in the groin area.Basically, the areas covered by pubic hair and the folds in the genital slit should be gently cleaned daily with a specialized intimate wash. Areas that need not to be cleaned:Urethra The urethra, which is located just inside the urethral opening, is where urine is expelled. Under normal healthy conditions, urine is nearly sterile, so the urethra does not need to be cleaned.  Vagina The vagina is located inside the vaginal opening and naturally secretes fluids that provide a self-cleaning function. The vagina does not need to be cleaned under healthy conditions. Even during menstruation, only the vulva needs to be cleaned. If there is an infection or abnormality, douching should only be done under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist.  Rectum The rectum is located just inside the anus and does not need to be cleaned under normal healthy conditions. In special cases, consult a doctor. image source via https://youngwomenshealth.org/2017/04/19/vulvar-and-vaginal-care-and-cleaning/  Please be careful not to wash with hot water, use warm water instead. Wash from front to back, starting with the vulva area and then the anal and groin areas. The suitable Wash to use           Feminine Wash with proper ingredients is seen the solution to daily private part clean.   参考数据 Reference:Keeping your vagina clean and healthy. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/sexual-health/keeping-your-vagina-clean-and-healthy/?tabname=genital-health#vaginal-secretions-or-discharge 撰文者: VIGILL团队 Writers: VIGILL Team

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2023-09-15
What Indicates a Healthy Condition? A Guide to the Colors of Vaginal Discharge

Index Normal Discharge Colors: What Indicates a Healthy Condition? Abnormal Discharge Colors: What Changes Should You Be Concerned About? Daily Care Tips for Preventing Abnormal Discharge Author / Sharon Hwang , Gynecologist  Girls often pay close attention to their skin condition and health. Any changes in skin tone or texture can affect their mood. But did you know that the color of vaginal discharge also indicates various health conditions of the intimate area? First, it is important to understand that vaginal discharge is initially composed of mucus secreted by the mucous membranes and glands. It then mixes with uterine fluids, sweat from the external genital area, and other secretions before being expelled from the body. Throughout this process, the discharge may undergo various color changes. The primary function of vaginal discharge is to keep the vagina moist and serve as a natural protective barrier, preventing external bacteria and infections. Therefore, observing changes in its color is an important way to monitor intimate health.   Normal Vaginal Discharge Colors: What Indicates a Healthy Condition?  Clear & Transparent Discharge ColorIn a normal, healthy state, the vagina initially secretes glycogen-rich transparent mucus. Its consistency changes based on the body's condition. For example, during self-cleaning, ovulation, pregnancy, or heightened sexual arousal, the discharge can range from slightly sticky to an egg white-like texture. These variations are natural and healthy.  Milky White Discharge ColorFor some women, clear mucus may mix with a milky white fluid due to body conditions or the influence of lactobacilli in the intimate area. This is also considered normal and healthy. Pale Yellow Discharge ColorSometimes, discharge may appear pale yellow due to high viscosity, oxidation, or slight contact with urine. As long as there is no unusual odor, this condition is also normal.  Changes During the Menstrual Cycle Generally, after menstruation, vaginal discharge is minimal, thinner, and clear. As ovulation approaches, cervical mucus increases, making the discharge more elastic, resembling egg whites, and sometimes slightly opaque and sticky.  During the luteal phase, discharge decreases again but remains slightly thick, with a pale white or light yellow hue. The vaginal microbiome, which includes lactobacilli, often gives the discharge a slightly acidic or fermented scent—this is a normal occurrence. During Sexual ArousalWhen aroused, vaginal blood flow increases, leading to the secretion of a large amount of watery, clear fluid, sometimes with a slight whitish tint and a musky scent. Some women may notice an increased amount of discharge in this state, which is a natural physiological response.  Abnormal Vaginal Discharge Colors: What Changes Should Be Concerned?Yellow-Green Discharge ColorIf the discharge appears thick, foamy, and has a strong fishy odor, it could indicate trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection. Other symptoms may include urinary discomfort, such as frequent urination or painful urination, as well as itching or pain during intercourse.A medical examination might reveal small bleeding spots on the cervix, known as a “strawberry cervix.” Since trichomoniasis is often transmitted through sexual contact, both partners should be tested and treated together. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention promptly to prevent the infection from worsening. Grayish Discharge ColorA bacterial infection may cause discharge to become thin, grayish-white, and accompanied by a fishy odor. Most individuals with bacterial vaginosis (BV) do not experience significant discomfort beyond changes in discharge color and smell.A simple pH test can help determine if the pH level is above 4.5, which may indicate bacterial vaginosis. White & Chunky Color (Cottage Cheese-Like Discharge)If discharge appears white, thick, and clumpy like cottage cheese, it is likely a yeast infection (Candida vaginitis). This condition often comes with itching, burning, redness, swelling, painful urination, and, in some cases, a mild odor.Yeast infections typically occur due to an imbalance in vaginal pH, disrupting beneficial bacteria and allowing Candida overgrowth. If these symptoms occur, medical consultation is necessary for proper treatment. Pink, Red, or Brown Color(Bloody or Coffee-Colored Discharge)Discharge with red or brown tones often indicates bleeding. If this occurs during menstruation, it is a natural process. However, if bleeding happens outside of the menstrual cycle, it may indicate underlying health issues such as pregnancy, miscarriage, ovarian tumors, endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, uterine fibroids, endometrial cancer, cervical erosion, cervical cancer, or vaginal injury during intercourse.Abnormal bleeding should never be ignored—consult a doctor promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment.   Daily Care Tips for Preventing Abnormal DischargeEven if you have never experienced vaginal infections, maintaining intimate health is key to preventing abnormal discharge. The best way to achieve this is by supporting your immune system. Here are some simple daily care tips: 1. Maintain a Healthy LifestyleA strong immune system is essential for preventing infections. Good sleep, a balanced diet, and regular exercise help the body fight bacteria. Foods rich in vitamin C, probiotics, and cranberries can enhance immunity and support vaginal health.2. Wear Breathable ClothingWearing loose, breathable pants and cotton underwear keeps the intimate area dry, reducing bacterial growth. In summer or after exercise, avoid staying in sweaty clothing for too long to minimize infection risk.3. Proper Intimate HygieneAvoid excessive washing, as overuse of cleansers or hot water can disrupt the vagina’s natural protective barrier. Choose mild, pH-balanced, fragrance-free cleansers and wash with lukewarm water to preserve beneficial bacteria and prevent pH imbalances.4. Correct Wiping TechniqueProper hygiene during toileting is crucial. Always wipe from front to back to prevent bacteria from entering the vagina and causing recurrent infections.5. Regular Gynecological CheckupsTo prevent abnormal discharge, especially unexplained bleeding outside of menstruation, routine gynecological exams are essential. Regular screenings help detect conditions like cervical cancer or endometrial disorders early, allowing for timely treatment. By following these simple daily care habits, you can effectively reduce the risk of abnormal discharge and maintain intimate health. If you've had infections before, adopting these practices can help prevent recurrence and keep your vaginal health in optimal condition.  Reference:1. Anderson M, Karasz A, Friedland S. Are vaginal symptoms ever normal? a review of the literature. MedGenMed. 2004 Nov 22;6(4):49. PMID: 15775876; PMCID: PMC1480553. 2.Bishop GB. Vaginal Discharge. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 172.3.Mitchell H. Vaginal discharge--causes, diagnosis, and treatment. BMJ. 2004 May 29;328(7451):1306-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7451.1306. PMID: 15166070; PMCID: PMC420177.4. Levin RJ. VIP, vagina, clitoral and periurethral glans--an update on human female genital arousal. Exp Clin Endocrinol. 1991;98(2):61-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1211102. PMID: 1778234.5. Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I, Reno H, Zenilman JM, Bolan GA. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1. PMID: 34292926; PMCID: PMC8344968.6. Viganò S, Smedile A, Cazzella C, Marra P, Bonaffini PA, Sironi S. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Pictorial Review on Differential Diagnosis and Not-So-Common Cases of Interventional Radiology Management. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Apr 11;14(8):798. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14080798. PMID: 38667444; PMCID: PMC11049404.  

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2023-09-15
私密处异味好尴尬? 内外净化必备2招! / 2 Tips for Embarrassing Private Strong Odor!

 妳的私密处气味很重吗? 生理期散发的血腥味总让人发现? 相信有不少姊妹们有这类困扰,明明私密处没有疾病或感染,但气味浓厚实在尴尬!第1招–对付外在因素:保持良好的卫生习惯 私密处比较突出的气味,通常是私密处的分泌物、汗液中的蛋白质氧化或尿液久置接触外在细菌产生的气味,因此利用日常生活的小习惯,减少这些外界空气和细菌对气味的催化,就可以帮助妳减少异味唷!如厕后适当清洁-使用卫生纸把尿液及分泌物擦干净,避免沾染内裤,必要时也可以水冲洗再擦干,外出可使用女性湿式卫生纸、私密抗菌喷雾等产品帮助清洁。生理期勤换卫生用品-生理期的血腥味是较难掩饰的味道,因此勤换卫生用品,让血液不会再与外界的空气和细菌交互作用,发展出更特殊的气味是降低异味的不二法门,穿着透气舒适的内着,并勤劳更换-透气舒适的衣物才不容易让私密处闷热出汗产生闷臭,也相信大家都同意每天都要更换内裤,因为分泌物及尿液多多少少会沾染到内裤,时间一久一定会产生较重的气味!出汗后洗澡及换干净的衣裤-汗水一开始其实是没什么气味的,但接触衣物上的细菌和空气后,会随时间慢慢转化成特殊浓烈的气味,闷住的汗水也会增加阴道异味。性爱后立即排尿及清洁-若没有使用避孕套,精液与阴道分泌物混和后的气味会比单独时更加浓烈。 第2招–改善身体内部因素:养成运动习惯,多喝白开水,健康的饮食水分占身体约60~70%,运动及多喝”白开水”可以帮助身体内的废物循环代谢,身体代谢不佳时,通常体味会较为浓烈,尿液也会变深变浓,私密处也会有股较浓郁的味道;有些人可能觉得运动后的汗味会让私密处气味更难闻,但其实运动后尽速清洁身体即可摆脱异味,由内而外更清爽。英国有句谚语: You are what you eat. 健康的饮食对身体气味也有不小的影响,有些医学专家认为长期高油高糖的饮食习惯会让私密处散发较浓的气味,同时容易让私密处的益生菌微生态及酸碱环境失衡,进而因容易感染而有异味产生,食用私密益生菌及含有PAC的蔓越莓可以帮助私密微生态及酸碱值的維持。    Does your intimate area have a strong odor?  Is there unmistakable smell of blood during your period? Many women might have this concern—despite not having any disease or infection, the strong smell from the intimate area can indeed be embarrassing! Tip 1 – Maintain Good Hygiene HabitsThe noticeable odor from the intimate area usually comes from secretions, the oxidation of proteins in sweat, or urine left for too long that interacts with external bacteria. By adopting small habits in daily life to reduce the exposure to air and bacteria, you can help minimize unpleasant odors!Clean properly after using the restroom: Use toilet paper to wipe away urine and secretions thoroughly to prevent them from staining your underwear. If necessary, you can also rinse with water and dry off afterward. When outside, you can use feminine wet wipes or intimate antibacterial sprays for extra cleanliness.Change sanitary products frequently during your period: The bloody smell during menstruation is hard to conceal, so changing sanitary products frequently prevents blood from interacting with air and bacteria, reducing the development of stronger odors.Wear breathable and comfortable underwear, and change it frequently: Breathable and comfortable clothing prevents the intimate area from becoming hot and sweaty, which can cause unpleasant smells. It's also agreed that changing your underwear daily is crucial because secretions and urine can stain it, leading to stronger odors over time.Shower and change into clean clothes after sweating: Sweat itself doesn't have much of an odor initially, but it can develop a strong smell over time when it interacts with bacteria on clothing and in the air. Trapped sweat also contributes to vaginal odor.Urinate and clean yourself immediately after sex: If you haven't used a condom, the mixture of semen and vaginal secretions can produce a stronger odor than either fluid alone. Tip 2 – Exercise Regularly, Drink Plenty of Water, and Maintain a Healthy DietWater makes up about 60-70% of the body. Regular exercise and drinking plenty of water can help with waste circulation and metabolism. Poor metabolism can lead to a stronger body odor, darker and more concentrated urine, and a stronger smell from the intimate area. Some people might think that sweat after exercise makes the intimate area smell worse, but in fact, cleaning the body promptly after exercise can help you get rid of odors, making you feel fresher from the inside out.As the British saying goes, "You are what you eat." A healthy diet also has a significant impact on body odor. Some medical experts believe that a long-term diet high in fat and sugar can cause the intimate area to emit a stronger odor and disrupt the balance of microbiome and the pH environment, leading to infections and odors. Consuming probiotics for intimate health and PAC-rich cranberries can help maintain the balance of the intimate microbiome and pH levels.  Reference :https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/how-to-get-rid-of-vaginal-odorhttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317560#adopt-good-hygiene-measures

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2023-09-15
拒绝孕期私密处搔痒、异味 / Say No to Itching & Odor During Pregnancy: Probiotic Recommends

 各位姊妹们应该都知道或者亲身经历过,私密处的状态随着女性各种不同的生理问题或特殊时期,就会有不同的反应,而怀孕可说是身体内分泌变化最剧烈的时期,其中的酸甜苦辣,可说是只有生过才知道。而不少女性在孕期的时候,因体内荷尔蒙变化,影响私密处的酸碱值、细菌丛生态及免疫力,私密处的分泌物会增多或异味变重,感到搔痒、刺激、灼热的比例也比较高,甚至有研究发现孕妇私密处感染的比例比起没有怀孕的女性高,孕妈咪真的很辛苦呢!根据2021年马来西亚的研究发现,食用特殊的6株益生菌菌种组合4周以上能帮助孕妇改善私密不适的问题。研究团队将78位孕妇分成安慰剂组和益生菌实验组,每天食用安慰剂-麦芽糊精或菌数20亿以上的益生菌组合-L. plantarum LP115, L. helveticus LA25, L. rhamnosus LRH10, L. paracasei LPC12, L. fermentum LF26, and L. delbrueckii subsp. Lactis LDL114。实验进行8周,在第4周就发现食用益生菌的组别,明显改善各项私密不适的指针项目,食用8周后,食用益生菌组的女性,私密处分泌物显著减少,搔痒改善,此外,排便次数也明显增加。这个研究证实怀孕女性私密处因感染或细菌丛生态不稳定所造成不适感可以透过益生菌改善,也进一步能改善阴道炎的复发率及孕期让人困扰的消化道机能,让孕妇可以维持更健康的状态。这个研究让食用益生菌的效果获得更多的实证,显示特定菌株的益生菌对私密处的健康确实有帮助。  Many women are likely aware, or have personally experienced, that the condition of the intimate area can vary due to different physiological issues or special periods in life, with pregnancy being the time when hormonal changes are most drastic. The ups and downs during this period are truly something only those who have been through it can fully understand.  During pregnancy, many women experience changes in hormone levels that affect the pH balance, bacterial flora, and immunity of the intimate area. This can lead to an increase in discharge or stronger odors, with a higher likelihood of itching, irritation, and burning sensations. Research has even shown that the rate of infections in the intimate area is higher in pregnant women than in those who are not pregnant, making the journey of pregnancy particularly challenging.  A 2021 study from Malaysia found that consuming a combination of six specific probiotic strains for more than four weeks can help pregnant women alleviate discomfort in the intimate area. The research team divided 78 pregnant women into a placebo group and a probiotic test group, with the participants taking either a placebo (maltodextrin) or a probiotic combination containing over 2 billion CFU (L. plantarum LP115, L. helveticus LA25, L. rhamnosus LRH10, L. paracasei LPC12, L. fermentum LF26, and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis LDL114) daily.  The experiment lasted for 8 weeks, and by the 4th week, it was observed that the group taking probiotics showed significant improvement in various indicators of intimate discomfort. After 8 weeks, the women in the probiotic group experienced a noticeable reduction in discharge and itching, and there was also a significant increase in bowel movements.  This study confirms that the discomfort in the intimate area due to infections or unstable bacterial flora in pregnant women can be improved through the use of probiotics. It also further reduces the recurrence rate of vaginitis and alleviates digestive issues common during pregnancy, helping pregnant women maintain a healthier state.  This research provides additional evidence for the effectiveness of probiotics, showing that specific strains of probiotics indeed contribute to the health of the intimate area. 参考数据:Ang XY, Chung FY, Lee BK, Azhar SNA, Sany S, Roslan NS, Ahmad N, Yusof SM, Abdullah N, Nik Ab Rahman NN, Abdul Wahid N, Deris ZZ, Oon CE, Wan Adnan WF, Liong MT. Lactobacilli Reduce Recurrences of Vaginal Candidiasis in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Appl Microbiol. 2021 May 22. doi: 10.1111/jam.15158. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34022103.Sopian, I.L., Sa’adiah Shahabudin, M.A.A., Lung, L.T.T. and Sandai, D. (2016) Yeast infection and diabetes mellitus among pregnant mother in Malaysia. MJMS 23, 27.Okonkwo, N. and Umeanaeto, P. (2010) Prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Nnewi Town of Anambra State, Nigeria. Afr Res Rev 4, doi: 10.4314/afrrev.v4i4.69250.  撰文者 妇科医师 洪芝晨  

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2023-07-18
528世界经期卫生日 拥抱月经友善环境 / Awareness to Feminine Health on Menstrual Hygiene Day

 世界经期卫生日(Menstrual Hygiene Day)是2013年开始,由德国非营利组织WASH United发起,定于每年的5月28日。目标在提高全球对女性经期健康和卫生状况的认识,并推动性别平等,让女性更容易获得必要的卫生资源。 在过去不论东方西方,经期常被认为是不洁、倒霉的私密事,或视为一种禁忌,这种观念令妇女感到困扰和羞耻。随着时代进步,许多国家的大众已经开始用更健康轻松的态度来看待经期,关心经期健康和女性私密卫生,并且加入到公众议题的讨论当中。 在台湾,从2021年起由台南市府领头,免费提供生理用品给弱势家庭女性及女学生,来年台北市、高雄市、新北市、新竹市、台中市也开始以不同的形式提供女性免费的生理用品。促使在2022年11月时,立法院提案要求教育部将此计划推广至全国中小学。 但在发展中国家,把经期视为负面象征仍是普遍的现象。所以,联合国在2015年宣布了「2030永续发展目标」(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs),其中就包含了保障女性在经期卫生方面的需求,推动许多与经期健康和护理有关的项目。世界经期卫生日的举办可以说是帮助联合国推动妇女健康计划中的一个重要活动。 因此,世界经期卫生日的推广,是为了让全世界的人们,特别是妇女,重视经期健康和私密卫生,提供正确的信息,教育女性如何处理及面对经期不适症状,以减轻因经期带来的不便和忧虑,促进生理和心理的健康。  Menstrual Hygiene Day, initiated by the German non-profit organization WASH United in 2013, is observed annually on May 28th. Its goal is to raise global awareness about menstrual health and hygiene, promote gender equality, and make it easier for women to access essential hygiene resources.  In the past, menstruation was often considered an unclean, unlucky private matter or taboo, both in the East and the West, causing women distress and shame. However, with the progress of time, people in many countries have begun to adopt a healthier and more relaxed attitude toward menstruation, showing concern for menstrual health and feminine hygiene, and engaging in public discussions on these topics. As we take Taiwan as an example, starting in 2021, the Tainan City Government took the lead in providing free menstrual products to women from disadvantaged families and female students. The following year, Taipei City, Kaohsiung City, New Taipei City, Hsinchu City, and Taichung City also began offering free menstrual products to women in various forms. This led the Congress propose in November 2022 that the Ministry of Education expand this program to all primary and secondary schools nationwide.  However, in developing countries, menstruation is still commonly seen as a negative symbol. Therefore, the United Nations announced the "2030 Sustainable Development Goals" (SDGs) in 2015, which include ensuring women's needs for menstrual hygiene and promoting various projects related to menstrual health and care. The observance of Menstrual Hygiene Day can be seen as an important activity in supporting the UN's women's health initiatives. Thus, the promotion of Menstrual Hygiene Day aims to encourage people worldwide, especially women, to prioritize menstrual health and hygiene, provide accurate information, educate women on how to manage and cope with menstrual discomfort, and alleviate the inconveniences and anxieties brought by menstruation, thereby promoting physical and mental well-being. Nowadays, feminine wash and vaginal soothing products are widely acknowledged by women in many countries. The hygiene awareness aroused would empower women direct access to related products. It is women's right and obligation to care themselves.  Reference:About Menstrual Hygiene Day.  https://menstrualhygieneday.org/about/about-mhday/月经贫穷在台湾官民协力共对抗https://tw.news.yahoo.com/news/%E6%9C%88%E7%B6%93%E8%B2%A7%E7%AA%AE%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3-%E5%AE%98%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%B0%8D%E6%8A%97-021533558.html#  

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